Torque

Torque is the force that acts on a pivot point under the influence of a lever arm. Optimum motor operation is characterized by high torque at low speed. A torque sensor records the physical quantity of torque. This variable indicates how strongly a force acts on a rotatably mounted body and is measured in Newton meters.

Torque sensors can be divided into two categories:

Static torque sensors 

Static torque sensors measure torques on a body or a point that does not move under the effect of a force. The sensor can be directly mechanically connected to the measured object. The measurement setup is relatively simple compared to dynamic torque measurement. The sensor can be supplied with power and the measurement signals can be tapped by simple cabling. There are standards and regulations for the setup and procedure of such measurements.

Dynamic (rotary) torque sensors 

These sensors detect torques on rotating measurement objects under the influence of a force. The rotation of the measurement object presents the user with the challenge of detecting mechanical stresses or strains at the measurement point on the one hand and supplying the measurement point with the required energy and transmitting the measurement data on the other. There are two basic ways to implement these measurements:

Contacting measuring systems (strain gages): Here the sensors are mechanically connected to the measuring point by screwing or bonding. Power is supplied either via slip rings and sliding contacts or wirelessly. These systems can be expensive and complicated to integrate, but offer reliable measurement results due to their technological maturity. 

Contactless measuring systems (magnetoelastic sensors): These interact with the measuring point without direct mechanical contact via magnetic fields or acoustics. Both technologies enable interaction with the material by generating a stimulus. This interaction evaluates the reaction of the stimulus to changes caused by the material (measuring point) and extracts the desired information.

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